Should, ought to , & had better

Pemberian saran

Should, ought to , and had better

1.Should

a.    Should means suggestion ,recommendation , or advice

Example :

Ø  You are still ill, you should go to the doctor soon.

Ø   She is tired, she should take a rest.

b.    Should means necessity, requirement, imperative, and must.

Example :

Ø  You should do your homework everyday

Ø  She should be here soon

Ø  He should study hard

Used to and Be used to

Used to :

Used to express a past  situation or habit that to longer exist at present

Form :

(+) S+Used to+ V1

( - )S+Didn’t used to + V1 / Never used to

(?) Did + S +used to + V1

Example :

1.         I used to live with my parents now I live in my own house

2.         My father used to smoke but the doesn’t any more

3.         Did you use to live in Jakarta?

Gerund

A.       Pengertian gerund

Gerund adalah kata kerja berbentuk -ing yang dipakai sebagai kata benda, gerund berbentuk sama seperti bentuk dalam present participle/V-ing, Perbedaan antara present participle adalah bahwa gerund merupakan kata benda sedangkan present participle adalah kata sifat.

Beberapa fungsi dari gerund, yaitu;

1. Gerund sebagai Subject

Contoh;                          

Ø Smoking is not good for health (merokok itu tidak baik untuk kesehatan)

Ø Speaking too long makes them bored (berbicara terlalu lama membuat mereka bosan)

Ø Reading is my hobby (membaca itu adalah hobi ku)

Keterangan;

Smoking, speaking dan reading adalah Gerund sebagai Subject-nya  

Physical appearance

Ada banyak kosakata Bahasa Inggris untuk mendeskripsikan fisik . For example:

 Ø  Looks : handsome, ugly, beautiful, pretty, cute, fat, thin, skinny, slim, charming, attractive

 Ø  Height : tall, short

 Ø  Weight : heavy, light

 Ø  Age : young, old

 Ø  Hair type : long, short, curly, straight, wavy

 Ø  Hair colour : black, grey, white, blonde

Adjective endunged (ing)

a)    There are many pairs of adjectives ending with –ing and –ed.For example: Boring and bored

Study this example situation!

Someone is -ed if something (or someone) is -ing Or,if something is –ing ,it makes you –ed . So:

®       John is bored because his job is boring

®       John’s job is boring, so john is bored. (not “john is boring.”)

Now, study these examples:

Someone is interested because something (or someone) is interesting:

Reported speech and pronouns

Reported speech and pronouns

1.-When we want to report what someone said. We do not usually repeat them exact words we use our own words. We can use reporting verbs, such as tell,say,ask followed by “that clause”

e.g. : the teacher says that the sun rises in the east

-When the reporting verbs is in the present,present prefect, or future there is not chance of tense in the words reported.

e.g. : He will tell you

He says (that) he doesn’t know

He has just said

-When the reporting verbs is in the past ,past perfect, or conditional tense ,we must make some changes on the reported setences.

Conditional setence

A Conditional Sentence Type

             Conditional Sentence adalah kalimat bersyarat atau sering juga disebut dengan kalimat pengandaian. Kalimat Pengandaian maksudnya kalimat yang digunakan untuk mengandai-andai akan suatu kegiatan atau tindakan apabila syaratnya terpenuhi. Namun, pengandaiannya dapat saja terjadi atau tidak dapat terjadi tergantung dari syarat yang diajukannya.

Conditional Sentence type 1

Conditional Sentence type 1 (Real Situation) is to indicate that imaginary idea or activity (condition) may actually happen in the future.

Pattern :

If + present tense, future tense

Example :

1.      If you eat a lot, you will be overweight.

   If – clause                main – clause

2.      If I find his address, I will send him am invitation card.

   If – clause                            main - clause  

If – clause       = if + simple present

Main – clause  = will – future

Degree comparisons

A. There are three kinds of degree comparisons

1.Positive degree

Positive degree indicates that something has the quality

a .

as + ADJECTIVE + as

Example :

1. She is a smart as her mother.

2. My bag is as expensive as yours

b.

Not as + ADJECTIVE + as

Not so + ADJECTIVE + as

Example:

1.She is not as smart as her mother.

2.She is not so smart as her mother.

2.Comparative degree

Adj + er	Than
More + adj

1.Intan is taller than Tina.

2.Dona is more stupid than his brother.

3.Matih is more difficult than English.

There are some rules to consider

	Rule	Positive	Comparative
One syillable adjective and adverbs	Add-er	dark	Darker
		big	Bigger
		long	Longer
		fast	Faster
Two syillable adjective and adverbs ending in - y	-y + er = ier	pretty	Prettier
		sharply	Shapelier
Two syillable adjective that have the stress in the first syllable	More + adjective	mode st	More Modest
		stupid	More Stupid
		famous	More Famous
		honest	More Honest
		useful	More Useful
Adjective and adverbs with more than two sylable	More + adjective	important	More Important
		intelligent	More Intelligent

3. Superlative degree

It indicates that something has more quality than anything of its kind

Pattern :

The + adjective + est	+	Of all / periode of time
The + most + adjective		In + place/group of people

 Example :

1. Dungu is the most stupid student in her class.

2. Paper is the most combustible of all the materials.

	Rule	Positive	Comparative
One syillable adjective and adverbs	Add-est	dark	Darker
		big	Bigger
		long	Longer
		fast	Faster
Two syillable adjective and adverbs ending in - y	-y + er = iest	pretty	Prettier
		sharply	Shapelier
Two syillable adjective that have the stress in the first syllable	Most + adjective	mode st	Most Modest
		stupid	Most Stupid
		famous	Most Famous
		honest	Most Honest
		useful	Most Useful
Adjective and adverbs with more than two sylable	Most + adjective	important	The Most Important
		intelligent	The Most Intelligent

4. Irregular degrees of comparison

Positive                                 Comparative                      Superlative

Good                                     better                                best

Well

Bad (ly)

ill                                           worse                                worst

many

much                                      more                                 most

late                                         later                                  latest

                                              latter                                  last

near                                       nearer                                nearest

far                                         farther                                farthest

                                             further                                furthest

little                                        less                                   least

old                                         older                                  oldest

elder                                                                                eldest

Questions :
1. Going by taxi is (expensive) Than by bus.
    Answer : More expensive
2. I Hope their product Won't be the (famous) In the expo.
    Answer : Most famous
3. I like her because she is the (patient) teacher in this school.
    Answer : Most pattient
4. Does she has as (many skirts) as you do ?
    Answer : Many skirts