Should, ought to , & had better

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Should, ought to , and had better

1.Should

a.    Should means suggestion ,recommendation , or advice

Example :

Ø  You are still ill, you should go to the doctor soon.

Ø   She is tired, she should take a rest.

b.    Should means necessity, requirement, imperative, and must.

Example :

Ø  You should do your homework everyday

Ø  She should be here soon

Ø  He should study hard

Used to and Be used to

Used to :

Used to express a past  situation or habit that to longer exist at present

Form :

(+) S+Used to+ V1

( - )S+Didn’t used to + V1 / Never used to

(?) Did + S +used to + V1

Example :

1.         I used to live with my parents now I live in my own house

2.         My father used to smoke but the doesn’t any more

3.         Did you use to live in Jakarta?

Gerund

A.       Pengertian gerund

Gerund adalah kata kerja berbentuk -ing yang dipakai sebagai kata benda, gerund berbentuk sama seperti bentuk dalam present participle/V-ing, Perbedaan antara present participle adalah bahwa gerund merupakan kata benda sedangkan present participle adalah kata sifat.

Beberapa fungsi dari gerund, yaitu;

1. Gerund sebagai Subject

Contoh;                          

Ø Smoking is not good for health (merokok itu tidak baik untuk kesehatan)

Ø Speaking too long makes them bored (berbicara terlalu lama membuat mereka bosan)

Ø Reading is my hobby (membaca itu adalah hobi ku)

Keterangan;

Smoking, speaking dan reading adalah Gerund sebagai Subject-nya  

Physical appearance

Ada banyak kosakata Bahasa Inggris untuk mendeskripsikan fisik . For example:

 Ø  Looks : handsome, ugly, beautiful, pretty, cute, fat, thin, skinny, slim, charming, attractive

 Ø  Height : tall, short

 Ø  Weight : heavy, light

 Ø  Age : young, old

 Ø  Hair type : long, short, curly, straight, wavy

 Ø  Hair colour : black, grey, white, blonde

Adjective endunged (ing)

a)    There are many pairs of adjectives ending with –ing and –ed.For example: Boring and bored

Study this example situation!

Someone is -ed if something (or someone) is -ing Or,if something is –ing ,it makes you –ed . So:

®       John is bored because his job is boring

®       John’s job is boring, so john is bored. (not “john is boring.”)

Now, study these examples:

Someone is interested because something (or someone) is interesting:

Reported speech and pronouns

Reported speech and pronouns

1.-When we want to report what someone said. We do not usually repeat them exact words we use our own words. We can use reporting verbs, such as tell,say,ask followed by “that clause”

e.g. : the teacher says that the sun rises in the east

-When the reporting verbs is in the present,present prefect, or future there is not chance of tense in the words reported.

e.g. : He will tell you

He says (that) he doesn’t know

He has just said

-When the reporting verbs is in the past ,past perfect, or conditional tense ,we must make some changes on the reported setences.

Conditional setence

A Conditional Sentence Type

             Conditional Sentence adalah kalimat bersyarat atau sering juga disebut dengan kalimat pengandaian. Kalimat Pengandaian maksudnya kalimat yang digunakan untuk mengandai-andai akan suatu kegiatan atau tindakan apabila syaratnya terpenuhi. Namun, pengandaiannya dapat saja terjadi atau tidak dapat terjadi tergantung dari syarat yang diajukannya.

Conditional Sentence type 1

Conditional Sentence type 1 (Real Situation) is to indicate that imaginary idea or activity (condition) may actually happen in the future.

Pattern :

If + present tense, future tense

Example :

1.      If you eat a lot, you will be overweight.

   If – clause                main – clause

2.      If I find his address, I will send him am invitation card.

   If – clause                            main - clause  

If – clause       = if + simple present

Main – clause  = will – future